| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are components that change sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They serve as an green and alternative energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, generally used for water heating or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate heat, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic nation in the UK known for its abundant cultural heritage, famous sights, and lively cities like London. It boasts a varied landscape of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and lively city hubs that combine heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the organic radiance emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a form of power resulting from the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable systems and networks, supporting contemporary living and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, usually produced by batteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that holds chemical energy and changes it into electric power to power various electronic gadgets. It includes multiple galvanic units, each containing positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a device that transforms DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and utility connection. It is vital for maximizing energy efficiency and ensuring secure, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction periodically, generally used in residential and commercial power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to determine the extent, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, climate gauges, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that harness sunlight to generate electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a renewable and renewable energy power, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic panels on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess energy generated from renewable sources or the power grid for later use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems typically utilize batteries to offer backup energy, cut down energy costs, and aid grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar cells chronicles the development and improvements in solar energy technology from the initial invention of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It features significant innovations, including the invention of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have substantially enhanced energy transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist famous for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His research laid the groundwork for understanding how light interacts with particular media to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US inventor who invented the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the basis for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned research and development entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its essential role in the production of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a solid, breakable crystalline material with a blue-grey metallic luster, primarily used as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact device installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach enhances system performance, allows for better performance monitoring, and increases energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar panels to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle that represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the process by which particular compounds convert sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the fundamental principle behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the capturing of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as occupants, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the speed at which electricity is transferred by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a measure of power in the International System of Units, showing the rate of energy flow or transformation. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which causes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates the power per individual charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per unit charge between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electric charge through a conductor, commonly measured in amperes. It is crucial for energizing electronic equipment and facilitating the working of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp represents the unit of electric current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electric charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and capacity of power systems to guarantee reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a easy and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is commonly used for recharging and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) from supplies like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It allows the operation of common electrical appliances in settings where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of several individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the orientation of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun movement throughout the day, enhancing solar energy capture. This system increases the efficiency of solar energy collection by keeping ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the energy production of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the operating point to match the optimal power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology guarantees the best performance energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that observes and analyzes the performance of solar panel systems in instantaneous, delivering useful data on energy production and system health. It helps optimize solar power output by detecting faults ahead of time and ensuring maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to supply energy to homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of numerous minute silicon crystal structures, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and reforming silicon to create a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form fit for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a continuous crystal framework, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its homogeneous structure allows for improved electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of thin film solar method that presents a economical and efficient solution for extensive solar energy production. They are known as their high absorption capability and comparatively reduced manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic cells that use a multi-layered material of Cu, In, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into energy effectively. They are known for their high light capturing performance, flexibility, and capability for compact, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a disordered molecular arrangement, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its affordability and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, reducing costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are innovative photovoltaic modules that use various p-n junctions stacked together to absorb a wider range of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. They are primarily used in space satellites and advanced solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that convert solar radiation into electric power to power onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, durable, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for massive solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, offering a cost-effective approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological uses. These layers are essential in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of compound ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in various industries, including electronics industry, optics, and medicine, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are accurate measuring instruments used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a slender, round segment of silicon crystal used as the base for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the core material in the production of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices famous for their superior output and bendability, making them suitable for various uses. They employ a stratified layered semiconductor setup that converts sunlight straight into electrical energy with excellent effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into energy using PV cells, offering a green energy source for household, business, and utility-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and economical way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photovoltaic units that utilize carbon-based molecules, to convert sunlight into electricity. They are compact, flexible, and provide more affordable, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor substance used in thin-film solar cells due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an desirable option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, building exteriors, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a light film to the inside or outside of cars or structures windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations overview various large-scale solar energy facilities around the world, showcasing their power and positions. These stations serve a crucial role in renewable energy generation and global efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in clean energy production, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a renewable solution to traditional fuels, decreasing ecological footprint and promoting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the primary fuels for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and green energy into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, poisonous elements such as plumbum, Hg, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency measures how effectively a solar cell converts sunlight into usable electricity. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This development is transforming the international energy scene by boosting the portion of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a clear device that bending light to bring together or diverge rays, creating images. It is often used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It improves the sharpness and illumination of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their wave heights negate each other, leading to a decrease or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This occurrence typically happens when these waves are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, allowing efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature entity used to convert DC from a single solar module into AC suitable for home applications. It improves system performance by optimizing energy production at the panel level and simplifies setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a network where the voltage level and current cyclically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is generally used in households and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical plug used to deliver DC energy from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a round plug and receptacle that provide a reliable and trustworthy connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide safety validation organization that evaluates and endorses products to guarantee they adhere to particular safety norms. It helps consumers and firms recognize dependable and secure products through strict assessment and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the same current passes through all parts, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode acts as a electronic device that permits current to move in one direction only, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, created to provide electrical energy for different devices and attachments inside a vehicle. It permits users to charge electronic electronics or use small devices while on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripherals to PCs, facilitating information exchange and power supply. It backs a wide range of devices such as input devices, pointer devices, external drives, and cell phones, with various revisions delivering higher speeds and enhanced features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Enhancing this efficiency plays a key role in maximizing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on developments in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of EM radiation, spanning from radio waves to high-energy photons, each with different lengths and energies. This range is fundamental to many technologies and natural events, enabling signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and comprehension of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It serves a important role in such as vitamin D production but can also cause skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on shades of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to measure the magnitude of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the distribution and transfer of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is commonly used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large volume of atmosphere with fairly consistent temp and moisture characteristics, coming from from particular source areas. These air masses affect weather systems and air conditions as they move across diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the power per square meter received from the solar source in the type of light. It changes with solar cycles and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar power refers to the accumulation of debris, and impurities on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their performance. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are necessary to reduce energy waste and guarantee optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the maximum power capacity of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It shows the module's peak ability to produce electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to determine the potential difference between two locations in a electrical system. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic chemical element necessary for plant development and employed in multiple industrial uses, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical traits that render it useful in creating long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of using land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This approach improves crop production while at the same time producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides cover while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of several photovoltaic modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to generate environmentally friendly, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a structure that delivers shade and shelter from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the practicality and visual charm of a terrace, making it a cozy zone for leisure and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a destination. It is commonly used in wayfinding, surveying, and astrophysics to specify the direction of an object with respect to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance extensively utilized in thin-film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost efficiency. It demonstrates excellent optical characteristics, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to quantify large-scale energy production and consumption. It is typically associated with power plants, national grids, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in solar PV power solutions, expert in manufacturing thin-film solar panels that provide high efficiency and economical energy production. The firm is dedicated to sustainable renewable energy advancement and reducing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly linking various parts of industrial and automation systems to boost performance and reliability. It concentrates on building advanced solutions that promote seamless communication and cooperation among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent Chinese-based corporation expert in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic solar products and solutions. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often used to represent the ability of massively scaled power production or usage. It underscores the immense power magnitude involved in current power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production reduces as cumulative output rises, due to learning curve and efficiencies obtained over time. This concept highlights the significance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and boosting output in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This method is a pure, renewable energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy is equal to or lower than the cost of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that sustainable energy sources are cost-effectively competitive with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the standard electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a grid of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the optimum and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It represents a green, renewable, and environmentally friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in home, corporate, and manufacturing environments to create green, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy items features a variety of tools that harness sunlight to produce energy, supporting eco-friendly and renewable living. These solutions include ranging from solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor tools, delivering versatile solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a plant that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses and reflectors to focus solar radiation on high-performance solar cells, significantly increasing energy capture from a smaller area. This method is highly suitable where bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
